Çeşitli Öğretim Teknolojilerinin Özellikleri

CHARACTERISTICS OF VARIOUS TEACHING TECHNOLOGIES 

Teachers make use of a variety of teaching technologies to crown the teaching process with learning. One of the purposes of using these technological tools and equipment is to ensure permanent learning by appealing to many sensory organs of students. Now I will list these teaching technologies with their main titles and briefly discuss the features of each. 

1. Lesson Book : Although teaching technologies and course materials have been diversified and developed in our age, textbooks are indispensable. Textbooks have long been one of the main tools used to ensure success in education. The features that should be included in the textbooks can be listed as conformity with the constitution and legislation, scientific competence, having the capacity to meet the gains of the education and training program, planning the content design with visuals to support learning, and conforming to the developmental characteristics of the student. 

2. Computer : It is one of the basic cultural elements of the century we live in and its use has become a rapidly spreading tool. Today, computer recognition has become an inevitable phenomenon. So much so that computer recognition is considered an activity like literacy for a modern person. Today, the use of computers and technology based on them in education has become a highly emphasized issue in the Turkish Education system. In these pandemic days, the importance of the computer has increased for the realization of distance education, it has become one of the sine qua non. Computer Aided Education increases the quality and effectiveness of teaching. Research, teaching etc. It allows us to overcome time problems in organizing activities. It increases the attractiveness of the lessons. By presenting the content in different forms, it increases access opportunities and creates a flexible learning environment.

3. Tablet Computers: Tablet computers can be defined as small touch screen size devices with internet access, data storage and portability. Thanks to its features, tablet computers have become one of the devices used in many fields in recent years. Since it has features such as Internet access, listening to audio, sending e-mail, watching and shooting videos, and reading e-books, its usage is getting more widespread. Tablet computers are effective tools in providing new gains and perspective to the education field due to their features. Being portable, providing flexibility, increasing interaction and providing access to many resources at the same time increases the use of tablet computers in educational environments. Students can easily access lecture presentations, lecture readings and notes through tablet computers. In addition, having internet access allows interactive applications to be made. Tablet computers increase the participation of students in the lesson and the communication between students. Tablet computer technology is used in the traditional classroom environment as well as in distance education environments. In this direction, studies on the use of tablet computers in the distance education process are increasing day by day. In addition, thanks to its features, it creates opportunities that can support the distance education process. Especially, thanks to portability and internet access, it increases the opportunity of distance education students to access information regardless of time and place.

4. Television / Smart Television: Education is one of the most important functions of television, which is one of the most important mass media tools that affect the life of society, other than entertaining, providing information and promoting products and services. Television is more effective than other tools by using image, sound and movement elements together in cognitive process formation in education and it is possible to educate large masses under equal conditions. With the help of the new technical regulations added to television, the receiver can have the identity of a transmitter at the same time, and the one-way communication has realized the functional transformation that allows two-way communication, and even multi-directional communication, especially television has made significant contributions to the development of interactive broadcasting ways for distance education. As a result, how much and in what direction the advantages of developing television production and broadcast technologies will be used in distance education has become dependent on the creativity of designers, experts and technical staff and their work to create synergy. When it comes to smart TVs, the first requirement for televisions to be smart is to be able to connect to the Internet. For this, televisions usually have Wi-Fi feature. In this way, we can easily connect our TV to the wireless network in our home. Apart from that, there are Ethernet ports on the televisions. Even though you can provide internet connection in this way, we need to run a cable to the place where the television is located. For this reason, this method is not always preferred. After the smart TVs are connected to the Internet, a wide and still developing world opens before us.

5. Tape: It is an auditory education tool especially used in language teaching and music lessons. Audio recordings of people or events that are impossible to bring to the classroom with tape can be brought into the classroom. By recording the group work done in the classroom; These records can be evaluated later. It is easy to carry. 

6. Camera / Digital camera: It enables the students to bring colorful, lively and instructive subjects to the classroom environment. It makes it possible to create an attractive and lively educational environment. It helps to perceive the objects correctly in a true way. In addition to monitoring in-school and out-of-school activities, it provides the opportunity to archive in-class and extra-class activities for a long time. 

7.Optical Reader: Optical form reader is a device for reading optical forms used for coding answers in exams. The optical reader, which can also be expressed as a kind of scanner, can be compared to a scanner or photocopy machine in terms of its design. Thanks to the optical form reader, many educational institutions can access the results of their exams in a short time and transfer the data to the computer environment more easily. Small tests to be made at the end of the subject and unit can be read by optical forms in 2-3 minutes, and the test result, question and subject analysis are taken in 3-4 minutes at most. Thus, the teacher measures whether the class has learned the subject during the lesson and can immediately understand whether the learning has been achieved or not. This sheds light on making healthier new planning for full learning.

8.Videos: It provides richer, more fluid and permanent information. It brings out-of-classroom events and environments to the classroom and enables them to be presented with real movement and sounds. By combining light, color, movement and sound properties, the student's attention is constantly focused on information. It saves learning from being dependent on time and place. It provides individual and group learning opportunities. It gives the teacher a person who guides learning, not a teacher. It gives the teacher the opportunity to observe student reactions.

9. Projection device: Projection device is the name of the devices used in devices such as computers, telephones and televisions to project the image on a different surface. These devices are generally used for making presentations or watching movies or videos. Creating a visual effect as well as teacher activity in the education and training process Keeping students' attention high during the process To activate one of the five sensory organs while using the narrative method. Saving the lesson from being one-sided (not only to ensure that the teacher is active, but also that the student is active in what they see). To be able to touch the difficult points more easily and to present various visual elements. To be able to present the process in concrete form, especially for students studying in the first stages of primary education. To be able to present materials, objects or people that are large in size or difficult to keep in the classroom with the help of pictures or videos. To share and present students' work with all students. The ability of the teacher to transfer and present and share information in electronic media to more than one student at the same time. To increase the effectiveness of preschool students by projecting large images to enable them to work on a common task, etc. Projection tool is widely used in education and training environment. 

10. Cyclops: It is the most effective and simplest tool to use in lessons. With ready-made transparencies and transparencies prepared by the teacher, the lesson can be put into a very fun and fluent state. Tepegoz is a tool that can be used effectively in Turkish, mathematics, science, social studies, English, art, music, physical education and other lessons. Provides face-to-face communication. The teacher can teach the lesson without darkening the classroom, facing the students. Overhead projector is a simple tool that does not require any previously learned technical knowledge and skills. Every teacher can use it easily and anywhere. It can be easily transported.

11. Transparencies: Mirrors are large-sized slides used by a presenter on an overhead projector to project onto a screen. Concepts, processes, numerical facts, statistics and plans are visually presented and summarized through reflections. Nowadays, overhead projectors are rapidly being replaced by computer reflectors. The most common program used for this purpose in computers is Microsoft PowerPoint. An overhead presentation contains a batch of transparencies, while a PowerPoint presentation contains a batch of slides. The principles for overhead slides almost exactly apply to slides in a PowerPoint presentation.

12. Radio-cassette / CD / MP3 Player: Until the invention of television, the most important mass media was radio. Although it has lost its former importance today, it is one of the fastest mass communication tools in the spread of information and the most time spent outside of television. Today, the radio is replaced by modern and compact mp3 / 4 players. It is possible to use these audio tools in advance. Auditory tools can be used in any lesson. Auditory tools are easy to use. These tools are engaging and immersive. It encourages learning. It gives the opportunity to observe student reactions. It directs students to activities after use. 

13. Smart Board: The smart board allows you to use all the features of the computer on the whiteboard without being in front of the computer. Uses all kinds of images in computer environment as educational material. It saves considerable time. Uses visual in education widely. Experiments that cannot be done in the classroom can be done interactively. 

14. Graphic Tablet: A graphic tablet is a hardware connected to the USB port that allows the user to draw or write on it manually. Graphic tablets offer the user the opportunity to draw easily with its digital pen. Drawings made on the tablet can be instantly viewed on the computer screen. Today, graphic tablets are used in higher education to make lessons more effective. In distance education, it provides teachers with the opportunity to use electronic handwriting while transferring knowledge and skills, and also makes it easier for teachers to communicate with students.

15. Clicker: Clicker technology is based on a system that enables all student answers to the questions asked in the classroom. Each student types their vote or their answer with the help of a small handheld device called a "clicker". The answers are transferred to a computer with the help of a wireless access point. The teacher can share the results with the class with the help of a clipboard at any time. Also, the teacher can ask new questions at any time if he / she wishes.